> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.bijection.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# SQL function reference

> Overloads and contexts from the shared SQL compiler.

This reference comes from the executable compiler registry. Argument domains describe SQL constraints; the shared semantic binder resolves coercions and result types from declared input and parameter contracts. Contexts describe supported syntax, not executor eligibility. An external executor must admit the complete plan and its operation requirements.

Constant arguments may be prepared parameters fixed for one request. Exact bounded fallbacks do not promise probabilistic execution. Explicit evidence overloads return accuracy evidence through the ordinary semantic contract.

## Scalar functions

**abs**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
abs(number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**acos**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
acos(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**acosh**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
acosh(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**add\_months**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
add_months(date, integer)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | date, integer | scalar | pure |

**array**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array(value, ...)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0–4096 | any | scalar | pure |

**array\_concat**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_concat(array, array, ...)
```

Aliases: `array_cat`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2–64 | array, array | scalar | pure |

**array\_contains**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_contains(array, value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | array, any | scalar | pure |

**array\_distinct**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_distinct(array)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | array | scalar | pure |

**array\_except**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_except(array, array)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | array, array | scalar | pure |

**array\_intersect**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_intersect(array, array)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | array, array | scalar | pure |

**array\_join**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_join(array, separator [, null_replacement])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | array, text | scalar | pure |
| 3 | array, text, text | scalar | pure |

**array\_max**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_max(array)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | array | scalar | pure |

**array\_min**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_min(array)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | array | scalar | pure |

**array\_position**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_position(array, value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | array, any | scalar | pure |

**array\_remove**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_remove(array, value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | array, any | scalar | pure |

**array\_repeat**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_repeat(value, integer_count)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | any, integer | scalar | pure |

**array\_reverse**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_reverse(array)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | array | scalar | pure |

**array\_sort**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_sort(array)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | array | scalar | pure |

**array\_union**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_union(array, array)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | array, array | scalar | pure |

**arrays\_overlap**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
arrays_overlap(array, array)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | array, array | scalar | pure |

**asin**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
asin(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**asinh**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
asinh(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**atan**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
atan(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**atan2**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
atan2(double_y, double_x)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | scalar | pure |

**atanh**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
atanh(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**base64**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
base64(text_or_binary); unchunked standard alphabet
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |
| 1 | binary | scalar | pure |

**bround**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
bround(number [, integer_scale])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |
| 2 | numeric, integer | scalar | pure |

**cardinality**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
cardinality(array)
```

Aliases: `array_length`, `array_size`, `size`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | array | scalar | pure |

**cbrt**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
cbrt(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**ceil**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
ceil(number)
```

Aliases: `ceiling`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**coalesce**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
coalesce(value, value, ...)
```

Aliases: `ifnull`, `nvl`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2–64 | any, any | scalar | pure |

**concat**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
concat(text, text, ...)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2–64 | text, text | scalar | pure |

**concat\_ws**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
concat_ws(separator, text, ...)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2–64 | text, text | scalar | pure |

**contains**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
contains(text, substring)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |

**cos**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
cos(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**cosh**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
cosh(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**crc32**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
crc32(text_or_bytes)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text\_or\_binary | scalar | pure |

**current\_date**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
current_date()
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0 | none | scalar | captured\_context |

**current\_timestamp**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
current_timestamp()
```

Aliases: `now`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0 | none | scalar | captured\_context |

**date\_add**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
date_add(date, integer)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | date, integer | scalar | pure |

**date\_format**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
date_format(date_or_timestamp, format [, constant_timezone])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | temporal, text | scalar | pure |
| 3 | temporal, text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**date\_sub**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
date_sub(date, integer)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | date, integer | scalar | pure |

**date\_trunc**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
date_trunc(constant_unit, timestamp [, constant_timezone])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text (constant), timestamp | scalar | pure |
| 3 | text (constant), timestamp, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**datediff**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
datediff(end_date, start_date)
```

Aliases: `date_diff`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |

**day**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
day(date)
```

Aliases: `dayofmonth`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | date | scalar | pure |

**dayofweek**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
dayofweek(date)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | date | scalar | pure |

**dayofyear**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
dayofyear(date)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | date | scalar | pure |

**decode**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
decode(binary, constant_charset) or decode(value, search, result [, search, result ...] [, default])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | binary, text (constant) | scalar | pure |
| 3–64 | any | scalar | pure |

**degrees**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
degrees(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**e**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
e()
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0 | none | scalar | pure |

**encode**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
encode(text, constant_charset); strict Spark 4 charset profile
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**ends\_with**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
ends_with(text, suffix)
```

Aliases: `endswith`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |

**exp**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
exp(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**expm1**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
expm1(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**flatten**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
flatten(array_of_arrays)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | array | scalar | pure |

**floor**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
floor(number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**format\_timestamp**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
format_timestamp(timestamp, constant_format [, constant_timezone])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | timestamp, text (constant) | scalar | pure |
| 3 | timestamp, text (constant), text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**from\_json**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
from_json(text, constant_sql_container_schema)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**get**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
get(array, zero_based_index)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | array, integer | scalar | pure |

**get\_json\_object**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
get_json_object(text, constant_json_path)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**greatest**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
greatest(value, value, ...)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2–16 | any, any | scalar | pure |

**hex**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
hex(text_or_binary_or_integral); uppercase UTF-8 bytes or Int64 two's complement
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |
| 1 | binary | scalar | pure |
| 1 | integer | scalar | pure |

**hour**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
hour(timestamp)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | timestamp | scalar | pure |

**if**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
if(boolean, then_value, else_value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 3 | boolean, any, any | scalar | pure |

**initcap**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
initcap(text)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**instr**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
instr(text, substring)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |

**json\_array\_length**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
json_array_length(json)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**json\_at**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
json_at(json, constant_pointer)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**json\_extract\_path\_text**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
json_extract_path_text(json, key, ...)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2–33 | text, any | scalar | pure |

**json\_object\_keys**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
json_object_keys(json)
```

Aliases: `json_keys`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**last\_day**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
last_day(date)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | date | scalar | pure |

**least**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
least(value, value, ...)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2–16 | any, any | scalar | pure |

**left**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
left(text, length)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, integer | scalar | pure |

**length**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
length(text)
```

Aliases: `char_length`, `character_length`, `len`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**ln**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
ln(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**locate**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
locate(substring, text [, start])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |
| 3 | text, text, integer | scalar | pure |

**log**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
log(double) or log(double_base, double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | scalar | pure |

**log10**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
log10(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**log1p**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
log1p(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**log2**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
log2(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**lower**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
lower(text)
```

Aliases: `lcase`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**lpad**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
lpad(text_or_bytes, integer_length [, same_domain_pad])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text\_or\_binary, integer | scalar | pure |
| 3 | text\_or\_binary, integer, same\_as\_first | scalar | pure |

**ltrim**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
ltrim(text)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**map**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
map(text_key, value, ...)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2–128, step 2 | text, any | scalar | pure |

**map\_at**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
map_at(map, text_key)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | map, text | scalar | pure |

**map\_from\_arrays**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
map_from_arrays(keys, values)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | array, array | scalar | pure |

**map\_keys**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
map_keys(map)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | map | scalar | pure |

**map\_values**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
map_values(map)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | map | scalar | pure |

**md5**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
md5(text_or_bytes)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text\_or\_binary | scalar | pure |

**minute**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
minute(timestamp)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | timestamp | scalar | pure |

**mod**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
mod(number, number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | scalar | pure |

**month**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
month(date)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | date | scalar | pure |

**months\_between**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
months_between(end_date_or_timestamp, start_date_or_timestamp [, constant_round_off [, constant_timezone]])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | temporal, temporal | scalar | pure |
| 3 | temporal, temporal, boolean (constant) | scalar | pure |
| 4 | temporal, temporal, boolean (constant), text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**next\_day**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
next_day(date, constant_weekday)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | date, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**nullif**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
nullif(value, value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | any, any | scalar | pure |

**nvl2**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
nvl2(value, present_value, null_value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 3 | any, any, any | scalar | pure |

**parse\_timestamp**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
parse_timestamp(text [, constant_format [, constant_timezone]])
```

Aliases: `to_timestamp`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |
| 2 | text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |
| 3 | text, text (constant), text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**pi**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
pi()
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0 | none | scalar | pure |

**position**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
position(substring IN text)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |

**power**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
power(number, exponent)
```

Aliases: `pow`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | scalar | pure |

**quarter**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
quarter(date)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | date | scalar | pure |

**radians**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
radians(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**regexp\_count**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regexp_count(text, pattern)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |

**regexp\_extract**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regexp_extract(text, pattern [, group])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |
| 3 | text, text, integer | scalar | pure |

**regexp\_extract\_all**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regexp_extract_all(text, pattern [, group])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |
| 3 | text, text, integer | scalar | pure |

**regexp\_like**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regexp_like(text, pattern)
```

Aliases: `regexp`, `rlike`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |

**regexp\_replace**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regexp_replace(text, pattern, replacement)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 3 | text, text, text | scalar | pure |

**repeat**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
repeat(text, integer_count)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, integer | scalar | pure |

**replace**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
replace(text, search, replacement)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 3 | text, text, text | scalar | pure |

**reverse**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
reverse(text)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**right**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
right(text, length)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, integer | scalar | pure |

**round**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
round(number [, integer_scale])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |
| 2 | numeric, integer | scalar | pure |

**rpad**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
rpad(text_or_bytes, integer_length [, same_domain_pad])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text\_or\_binary, integer | scalar | pure |
| 3 | text\_or\_binary, integer, same\_as\_first | scalar | pure |

**rtrim**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
rtrim(text)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**second**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
second(timestamp)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | timestamp | scalar | pure |

**sequence**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sequence(integer_start, integer_end [, integer_step])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | integer, integer | scalar | pure |
| 3 | integer, integer, integer | scalar | pure |

**sha1**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sha1(text_or_bytes)
```

Aliases: `sha`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text\_or\_binary | scalar | pure |

**sha2**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sha2(text_or_bytes, constant_bits_0_224_256_384_512)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text\_or\_binary, integer (constant) | scalar | pure |

**sha224**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sha224(text_or_bytes)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text\_or\_binary | scalar | pure |

**sha256**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sha256(text_or_bytes)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text\_or\_binary | scalar | pure |

**sha384**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sha384(text_or_bytes)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text\_or\_binary | scalar | pure |

**sha512**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sha512(text_or_bytes)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text\_or\_binary | scalar | pure |

**sign**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sign(number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**sin**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sin(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**sinh**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sinh(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**slice**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
slice(array, one_based_start, length)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 3 | array, integer, integer | scalar | pure |

**sort\_array**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sort_array(array [, boolean_ascending])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | array | scalar | pure |
| 2 | array, boolean | scalar | pure |

**split**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
split(text, constant_separator)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**split\_part**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
split_part(text, constant_separator, nonzero_position)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 3 | text, text (constant), integer | scalar | pure |

**sqrt**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sqrt(number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**st\_area**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_area(geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_boundary**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_boundary(geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_buffer**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_buffer(geometry, metres)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, numeric | scalar | pure |

**st\_centroid**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_centroid(geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_contains**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_contains(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_convexhull**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_convexhull(geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_coveredby**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_coveredby(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_covers**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_covers(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_crosses**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_crosses(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_difference**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_difference(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_disjoint**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_disjoint(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_distance**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_distance(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_equals**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_equals(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_intersection**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_intersection(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_intersects**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_intersects(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_length**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_length(geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_overlaps**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_overlaps(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_perimeter**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_perimeter(geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_simplify**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_simplify(geometry, metres)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, numeric | scalar | pure |

**st\_symdifference**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_symdifference(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_touches**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_touches(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_union**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_union(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**st\_within**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
st_within(geometry, geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | geometry, geometry | scalar | pure |

**starts\_with**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
starts_with(text, prefix)
```

Aliases: `startswith`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text | scalar | pure |

**struct**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
struct(value, ...)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1–64 | any | scalar | pure |

**substring**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
substring(text, start [, length])
```

Aliases: `substr`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, integer | scalar | pure |
| 3 | text, integer, integer | scalar | pure |

**tan**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
tan(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**tanh**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
tanh(double)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | scalar | pure |

**timestamp\_micros**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
timestamp_micros(integer)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | integer | scalar | pure |

**timestamp\_millis**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
timestamp_millis(integer)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | integer | scalar | pure |

**timestamp\_seconds**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
timestamp_seconds(integer)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | integer | scalar | pure |

**to\_binary**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
to_binary(text [, constant_format]); hex (default), base64 or utf-8; try form returns null for invalid input or format
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |
| 2 | text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**to\_date**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
to_date(value [, constant_timezone])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | scalar | pure |
| 2 | any, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**to\_json**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
to_json(struct_array_or_map)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | container | scalar | pure |

**trim**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
trim(text)
```

Aliases: `btrim`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**try\_json\_at**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
try_json_at(json, constant_pointer)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**try\_parse\_timestamp**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
try_parse_timestamp(text [, constant_format [, constant_timezone]])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |
| 2 | text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |
| 3 | text, text (constant), text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**try\_to\_binary**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
try_to_binary(text [, constant_format]); hex (default), base64 or utf-8; try form returns null for invalid input or format
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |
| 2 | text, text (constant) | scalar | pure |

**try\_url\_decode**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
try_url_decode(text); malformed escapes return null
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**unbase64**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
unbase64(text); Java MIME alphabet and padding rules
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**unhex**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
unhex(text); odd lengths receive a leading zero nibble, malformed hex returns null
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**unix\_micros**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
unix_micros(timestamp)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | timestamp | scalar | pure |

**unix\_millis**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
unix_millis(timestamp)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | timestamp | scalar | pure |

**unix\_seconds**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
unix_seconds(timestamp)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | timestamp | scalar | pure |

**upper**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
upper(text)
```

Aliases: `ucase`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**url\_decode**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
url_decode(text); Java 21 form decoding; malformed escapes fail
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**url\_encode**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
url_encode(text); UTF-8 form encoding, Java 21 alphabet
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | text | scalar | pure |

**weekday**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
weekday(date)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | date | scalar | pure |

**weekofyear**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
weekofyear(date)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | date | scalar | pure |

**xxhash64**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
xxhash64(typed_scalar_or_array [, typed_scalar_or_array, ...]); seed 42, nulls skipped
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1–64 | array, array, text | scalar | pure |

**year**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
year(date)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | date | scalar | pure |

## Aggregate functions

**approx\_count\_distinct**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
approx_count_distinct(value [, constant_rsd=0.05]); exact bounded count, error 0; or approx_count_distinct(value, relative_error, confidence) returning estimate and accuracy evidence
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | group, window | exact\_bounded\_fallback |
| 2 | any, numeric (constant) | group, window | exact\_bounded\_fallback |
| 3 | any, numeric (constant), numeric (constant) | group | explicit\_evidence |

**approx\_percentile**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
approx_percentile(value, constant_fraction_or_array [, constant_accuracy=10000]); exact bounded nearest-rank fallback; or approx_percentile(number, fraction, rank_error, confidence) returning estimate and accuracy evidence
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | any, numeric\_or\_array (constant) | group, window | exact\_bounded\_fallback |
| 3 | any, numeric\_or\_array (constant), integer (constant) | group, window | exact\_bounded\_fallback |
| 4 | numeric, numeric (constant), numeric (constant), numeric (constant) | group | explicit\_evidence |

**array\_agg**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
array_agg([DISTINCT] value [ORDER BY expression])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | group, window | pure |

**avg**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
avg([DISTINCT] number)
```

Aliases: `mean`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | group, window | pure |

**bit\_and**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
bit_and([DISTINCT] integral) [FILTER (WHERE predicate)] [OVER window]
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | integer | group, window | pure |

**bit\_or**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
bit_or([DISTINCT] integral) [FILTER (WHERE predicate)] [OVER window]
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | integer | group, window | pure |

**bit\_xor**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
bit_xor([DISTINCT] integral) [FILTER (WHERE predicate)] [OVER window]
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | integer | group, window | pure |

**bool\_and**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
bool_and(boolean)
```

Aliases: `every`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | boolean | group | pure |

**bool\_or**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
bool_or(boolean)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | boolean | group | pure |

**collect\_list**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
collect_list(value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | group, window | pure |

**collect\_set**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
collect_set(value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | group, window | pure |

**corr**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
corr([DISTINCT] number, number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**count**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
count() or count(*) or count([DISTINCT] value [, value, ...])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0–64 | any | group, window | pure |

**count\_if**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
count_if(boolean)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | boolean | group, window | pure |

**covar\_pop**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
covar_pop([DISTINCT] number, number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**covar\_samp**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
covar_samp([DISTINCT] number, number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**first**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
first(value [, nonnull_boolean_ignore_nulls] [ORDER BY keys]) [FILTER (WHERE predicate)] [OVER window]
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1–2 | any, boolean | group, window | pure |

**geometry\_union**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
geometry_union(geometry)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | geometry | group | pure |

**grouping**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
grouping(grouping_expression, ...)
```

Aliases: `grouping_id`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1–64 | text | grouping | pure |

**last**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
last(value [, nonnull_boolean_ignore_nulls] [ORDER BY keys]) [FILTER (WHERE predicate)] [OVER window]
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1–2 | any, boolean | group, window | pure |

**max**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
max(value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | group, window | pure |

**max\_by**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
max_by(value, key)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | any, any | group | pure |

**min**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
min(value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | group, window | pure |

**min\_by**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
min_by(value, key)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | any, any | group | pure |

**percentile**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
percentile([DISTINCT] number, constant_fraction_or_array [, integral_frequency=1]) [FILTER (WHERE predicate)] [OVER window]
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric\_or\_array (constant) | group, window | pure |
| 3 | numeric, numeric\_or\_array (constant), integer | group, window | pure |

**percentile\_approx**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
percentile_approx(value, constant_fraction_or_array [, constant_accuracy=10000]); exact bounded nearest-rank fallback, rank error 0
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | any, numeric\_or\_array (constant) | group, window | exact\_bounded\_fallback |
| 3 | any, numeric\_or\_array (constant), integer (constant) | group, window | exact\_bounded\_fallback |

**percentile\_cont**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
percentile_cont(fraction) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric (constant) | group | pure |

**percentile\_disc**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
percentile_disc(fraction) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY value)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric (constant) | group | pure |

**regr\_avgx**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regr_avgx([DISTINCT] dependent_y, independent_x)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**regr\_avgy**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regr_avgy([DISTINCT] dependent_y, independent_x)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**regr\_count**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regr_count([DISTINCT] dependent_y, independent_x)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**regr\_intercept**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regr_intercept([DISTINCT] dependent_y, independent_x)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**regr\_r2**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regr_r2([DISTINCT] dependent_y, independent_x)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**regr\_slope**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regr_slope([DISTINCT] dependent_y, independent_x)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**regr\_sxx**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regr_sxx([DISTINCT] dependent_y, independent_x)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**regr\_sxy**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regr_sxy([DISTINCT] dependent_y, independent_x)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**regr\_syy**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
regr_syy([DISTINCT] dependent_y, independent_x)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | numeric, numeric | group, window | pure |

**skewness**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
skewness([DISTINCT] number) [FILTER (WHERE predicate)] [OVER window]
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | group, window | pure |

**stddev\_pop**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
stddev_pop([DISTINCT] number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | group, window | pure |

**stddev\_samp**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
stddev_samp([DISTINCT] number)
```

Aliases: `stddev`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | group, window | pure |

**sum**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
sum([DISTINCT] number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | group, window | pure |

**var\_pop**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
var_pop([DISTINCT] number)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | group, window | pure |

**var\_samp**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
var_samp([DISTINCT] number)
```

Aliases: `variance`.

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | numeric | group, window | pure |

## Window functions

**cume\_dist**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
cume_dist() OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0 | none | window | pure |

**dense\_rank**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
dense_rank() OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0 | none | window | pure |

**first\_value**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
first_value(value) OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | window | pure |

**lag**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
lag(value [, integer_offset [, default]]) OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | window | pure |
| 2 | any, integer | window | pure |
| 3 | any, integer, any | window | pure |

**last\_value**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
last_value(value) OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | window | pure |

**lead**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
lead(value [, integer_offset [, default]]) OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | any | window | pure |
| 2 | any, integer | window | pure |
| 3 | any, integer, any | window | pure |

**nth\_value**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
nth_value(value, integer_position) OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | any, integer | window | pure |

**ntile**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
ntile(integer_buckets) OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | integer | window | pure |

**percent\_rank**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
percent_rank() OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0 | none | window | pure |

**rank**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
rank() OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0 | none | window | pure |

**row\_number**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
row_number() OVER window
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0 | none | window | pure |

## Table functions

**generate\_series**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
generate_series(integer_start, integer_stop [, integer_step])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2 | integer, integer | table | pure |
| 3 | integer, integer, integer | table | pure |

**range**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
range([integer_start,] integer_stop [, integer_step])
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | integer | table | pure |
| 2 | integer, integer | table | pure |
| 3 | integer, integer, integer | table | pure |

## Generator functions

**explode**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
explode(array_or_map)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | collection | table, select\_generator | pure |

**explode\_outer**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
explode_outer(array_or_map)
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | collection | table, select\_generator | pure |

**posexplode**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
posexplode(array_or_map) -> pos, col | pos, key, value
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | collection | table, select\_generator | pure |

**posexplode\_outer**

```text theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light-default","dark":"github-dark-default"}}
posexplode_outer(array_or_map) -> pos, col | pos, key, value
```

| Arguments | Domains in order | Contexts | Evaluation |
| - | - | - | - |
| 1 | collection | table, select\_generator | pure |


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